The rapidly changing, chemicalised and polluted world of today is resulting in the human body´s increasing inability to cope with substances in the environment. Environmental hazards are a serious threat to public health and well-being, while impact is often large-scale and irreversible. Changes in ecosystems as a result of environmental deterioration may influence the growth, transmission and activity of many infectious diseases. human health is likely to many infectious diseases. Human health is likely to be adversely affected, either directly or indirectly, through complex interactions of biological systems.

Water resources have been essential to the evolution of life and human civilisation and have played a crucial role in socio-economic developments. The long-range management of water resources, especially international ones, poses a major challenge for the world community and can enhance international policy development and bio-diplomacy. Since most water resources are finite, it is becoming increasingly complex to manage them on a renewable basis. The development of efficient marine and fresh-water management plans is crucial to our survival on this planet and should become a priority on both the national and international level.